Disparity in Methods of Life Expectancy for Different Genders in Punjab: A Study of Life Tables Using Local Cemeteries of Lahore, Kasur, and Gujranwala

Abstract

There are several demographic indices (such as the crude death rate, the infant mortality rate, the age-specific death rate) that are used for the calculation of mortality in a population. Life table method is another more comprehensive method that is used for portraying mortality conditions in a population. A set of life tables are presented here, several methods such as Linear method, Farr’s method, Chiang method, Greville’s method and Fregany’s method are used to estimate the “life expectancy” of both males and females. The methods of life expectancy analysis are applied on the cemetery data collected from different cities (Lahore, Gujranwala, and Kasur) of Pakistan. Moreover, the analysis is performed on the data of Pakistan; data is obtained from Pakistan Demographic Survey 2020 (PDS2020). It is observed that the life expectancy of females is higher than that of males. This scenario is observed in three cities and at national level by using different methods of life table. Interestingly, it is observed that the life expectancy of Lahore is much higher than the life expectancy of other cities, in the case of both males and females. Moreover, it is observed that different methods of life tables provide different life expectancies for same data. Therefore, further detailed and comprehensive study about life expectancy by precise methods is required to all the cities of Pakistan.