Evaluating Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease Among Adults Aged 26- 45: A Study from Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

In the prevention of heart disease, the identification of risk factors plays a pivotal role. For this purpose, the present study aims to identify the lifestyle and health factors that contribute to heart disease in individuals aged 26 to 45. The goal of this study is to identify the risk factors like personal, clinical, and lifestyle that significantly increase the prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult males and females aged 26 to 45 years. Data is collected from the Preventive Department of the Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC) in Lahore, Pakistan. In 2021, from August 9 to September 22, we collected data from 300 participants through surveys and medical records, half of whom had cardiac disease, and the other half were healthy. Factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, stress, exercise habits, cholesterol levels, weight, age, family history, and gender were also taken into consideration. Using the binary logistic regression model, it was revealed that the OR (Pvalue) of smoking 3.898 (0.000), high blood pressure 2.598 (0.001), a family history of heart disease 2.433 (0.001) and being 41–45 years old 4.162 (0.007) were all significant risk factors for developing coronary heart disease. To decrease heart disease in Pakistan, smoking prevention, high blood pressure treatment, cholesterol maintenance, and family history awareness should be significantly focused.